Survey on Competing in Network Industries: Firm Strategies, Market Outcomes, and Policy Implications

We review the recent literature on market structure, firm strategies and public policy in network industries. In particular, we focus on the latest applied work, including case studies and empirical work as well as refinements of the established theoretical results. We group each set of results along two dimensions: Static (within-generation) and dynamic (across-generations).     

资本结构影响因素稳健性检验

关于资本结构影响因素的理论和实证研究存在很多相互矛盾的结论,人们通常把这个问题归咎于外部因素的影响,而没有怀疑资本结构理论自身的稳健性;本研究发现相互矛盾的研究结果并非由外部因素引起,而是由于资本结构理论本身缺乏较强的稳健性。因此,传统的资本结构理论并不适用于指导我国企业的融资实践,应该从企业外部,而不是过去理论强调的“从企业内部”去寻找影响资本结构的因素。     

Testing trade-off and pecking order theories financing SMEs

This paper explores two of the most important theories behind financial policy in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), namely, the pecking order and the trade-off theories. Panel data methodology is used to test empirical hypotheses on a sample of 3,569 Spanish SMEs over a 10-year period dating from 1995 to 2004. Results suggest that both theoretical models help to explain SME capital structure. However, despite finding clear evidence that SMEs follow a funding source hierarchy (pecking order model), our results reveal that greater trust is placed in SMEs that aim to reach target or optimum leverage (trade-off model). This remains true even when SMEs take a long time to reach this level, due to the high transaction costs they have to face. Non-debt tax shields (NDTS), growth opportunities and internal resources all seem to play an important role in determining SME capital structure. Both size and age are also found to be significant factors. Moreover, the empirical evidence obtained confirms that SMEs clearly behave differently to large firms where financing is concerned.

寿险营销人员知识素质结构与寿险业发展相关性研究

本文认为,寿险营销人员知识素质水平的高低直接影响着寿险公司的信誉和寿险市场的健康发展,它们之间成正相关关系.当前我国寿险营销人员知识水平普遍不高,对专业知识缺乏系统、深入的了解;综合能力不够,不能适应市场要求;职业素质良莠不齐,误导客户的现象时有发生;部分营销人员敬业、奉献精神不足,寿险营销队伍很不稳定.这些都已经严重影响到了我国寿险业的公信力和信誉度,影响到了寿险业的可持续发展.文章提出,为促进寿险业可持续发展,必须高度认识提高寿险营销人员知识水平和素质的必要性和迫切性;通过政府主管部门和寿险公司等多方面努力,多管齐下抓好寿险营销队伍建设;依托高等院校,培养高素质创新型、复合型寿险营销人才.     

Financial Reporting Quality in Private Equity Backed Companies: The Impact of Ownership Concentration

We empirically show on a sample of 270 unquoted, private equity backed companies that the shareholder structure of private companies impacts the quality of their publicly available accounting information. More precisely, companies in which private equity (PE) investors have a high equity stake produce lower quality accounting information than companies in which PE investors have a low equity stake, after controlling for factors like company size and age. We explain our findings by arguing that PE investors with low equity stakes have a higher need for high quality accounting information whereas PE investors with high equity stakes have other means to closely monitor their portfolio companies. This paper has benefited form discussions with workshop participants at the Max Planck Institute. We specifically want to thank Lorraine Uhlaner and Mike Wright (guest editors), two anonymous referees as well as ignace De Beelde, Wouter De Maeseneire, Marc Deloof, Miguel Meuleman and Lloyd Steier for helpful suggestions. Part of this research was completed when Christof Beuselinck was an FWO Scholar at Ghent University. Financial support from the Fonds of Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Grant G.0012.02) is kindly appreciated. The usual disclaimer applies.     

“寡头”市场结构、贸易媒介与贸易商品定价——分析框架及基于棉花贸易史的案例研究

中国在贸易中面临"寡头"地位确立与定价权缺失共存的困境,通过提出一个引入贸易媒介环节的三分法贸易商品定价框架对此进行解释。贸易商品定价受到"寡头"国家/政府政策作用于贸易媒介市场结构程度的影响,还依赖于出口国/进口国的微观市场结构状况。贸易媒介通过与生产者和消费者的定价博弈选择使其利润最大化的买卖价格,政府政策/私人保护通过影响贸易媒介市场结构间接影响贸易商品定价。利用典型的英美棉花贸易"双寡头"案例,通过价格变动的相对弹性、转嫁系数和Granger因果检验三种方法定量分析了英美棉花贸易的定价博弈,计量结果与三分法分析结果完全符合,为论文提出的分析框架提供了例证支持。     

中国普洱茶的生产与市场研究

本文认为,我国普洱茶历史悠久,迄今仍是一种重要的特种茶饮品,其特殊性在于产地独特、功效独特、文化独特;普洱茶销售市场经历了从以出口为主到国内市场地位逐步上升的变化过程,传统市场升温,新兴市场扩展,品种内涵凸显,增长幅度可观。普洱茶生产和市场销售中也存在某些问题,一是标准滞后,品牌杂乱;二是生产分散,技术落后;三是市场销售行为不规范等。文章提出,要加大产品的创新力度,确立生产和销售的相关技术标准,发挥龙头企业的带动作用,加强市场制度的建设,促进普洱茶产业健康发展。     

中国可持续发展人口条件综论

分别从数量、素质与结构角度探讨与分析了中国要实现可持续发展的人口条件。中国要实现可持续发展,生育率必须以更替水平为上限,而以略低于更替水平(如TFR=1.8)为下限。从可持续发展必须遵循的代内与代际公平的视角对中国现行生育政策进行了审视,并就国家与地区可持续发展之间的联系与区别以及其它人口可持续发展相关问题进行了讨论。     

转型期资本投资、产业结构、市场化对中国就业效应的实证研究

本文通过对投资、技术进步、市场化程度、产业结构变动、实际工资等因素对我国就业量的影响进行的实证分析和检验结果显示,自20世纪90年代以来,资本投资增加、产业结构变动及实际工资上涨是拉动就业增加的主要因素,市场化程度提高则抑制了就业量的增加.但随着时间的推移,资本投资、产业结构变动对就业的贡献度逐渐下降,工资增长对就业的拉动作用逐渐增强,市场化对就业的抑制作用逐渐减弱.     

外商直接投资(FDI)对江苏省产业结构变动的影响

以外商直接投资在江苏省三次产业间的分布状况的定性剖析为例,分别对三次产业经济发展的贡献情况进行测算,可以了解到外商直接投资对江苏省产业结构变动的影响,从中可以总结出今后吸引外资的战略选择。